Monopolies and Monopoly Power (Definition)

The Economics Glossary defines monopoly as: If a certain firm is the only one that can produce a certain good, it has a monopoly in the market for that good. To understand what a monopoly is and how a monopoly operates, well have to delve deeper than this. What features do monopolies have, and how do they differ from those in oligopolies, markets with monopolistic competition and perfectly competitive markets? Features of a Monopoly When we discuss a monopoly, or oligopoly, etc. were discussing the market for a particular type of product, such as toasters or DVD players. In the textbook case of a monopoly, there is only one firm producing the good. In a real-world monopoly, such as the operating system monopoly, there is one firm that provides the overwhelming majority of sales (Microsoft), and a handful of small companies that have little or no impact on the dominant firm. Because there is only one firm (or essentially only one firm) in a monopoly, the monopolys firm demand curve is identical to the market demand curve, and the monopoly firm need not consider what its competitors are pricing at. Thus a monopolist will keep selling units so long as the extra amount he receives by selling an extra unit (the marginal revenue) is greater than the additional costs he faces in producing and selling an additional unit (the marginal cost). Thus the monopoly firm will always set their quantity at the level where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. Because of this lack of competition, monopoly firms will make an economic profit. This would normally cause other firms to enter the market. For this market to remain a monopolistic one, there must be some barrier to entry. A few common ones are: Legal Barriers to Entry - This is a situation where a law prevents other firms from entering the market to sell a product. In the United States, only the USPS can deliver first class mail, so this would be a legal barrier to entry. In many jurisdictions alcohol can only be sold by the government-run corporation, creating a legal barrier to entry in this market.Patents - Patents are a subclass of legal barriers to entry, but theyre important enough to be given their own section. A patent gives the inventor of a product a monopoly in producing and selling that product for a limited amount of time. Pfizer, inventors of the drug Viagra, have a patent on the drug, thus Pfizer is the only company that can produce and sell Viagra until the patent runs out. Patents are tools that governments use to promote innovation, as companies should be more willing to create new products if they know theyll have monopoly power over those products.Natural Barriers to Entry - In these type of monopolies, other firms cannot enter the market because either the startup costs are too high, or the cost structure of the market gives an advantage to the largest firm. Most public utilities would fall into this category. Economists generally refer to these monopolies as natural monopolies. Theres the need-to-know information on monopolies. Monopolies are unique relative to other market structures, as it only contains one firm, and thus a monopoly firm has far more power to set prices than firms in other market structures.

Stem Cell Research - Protect Consumers from False Claims...

Stem Cell Research - Protect Consumers from False Claims and Miracles Due to the potential therapeutic uses and the potential profit from stem cells, there has been an increased interest in stem cell research. While some progress has been made, we do not know nearly enough about how stem cells work to use them for the treatment of human diseases. However, there are researchers that claim that they have developed the technology to apply stem cells to the treatment of aging and diseases. Websites such as www.youngeryounger.com and www.medra.com state that they have created a miraculous medical cure, known as cellular therapy, which can treat just about any problem. Cellular Therapy was invented accidentally in 1931 when Swiss†¦show more content†¦Once injected or ingested, the cells circulate throughout the body until they locate the organ in need of repair. Types of cells that have been isolated and used in cellular therapy thus far include those from the: brain, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, thymus, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, ovary, testis and parotid. In one round of therapy, numerous cell types can be injected simultaneously (Barrett, 2003).The magic behind this technology according to www.youngeryounger.com occurs because the young cells, which are organ specific but not species specific, imprint their vigor upon old, tired and degenerating cells, stimulating them to function with renewed efficiency. The organ itself then retains its vigor and vitality (www.youngeryounger.com, 2003). How is the therapy done? Cellular therapy is usually performed in one of two ways. First, fetal animal cells (either fresh or frozen) can be injected or administered intravenously directly into the patient. If the fetal cells have been freshly removed from the animal, then they are suspended in an isotonic salt solution and injected into the patient. Frozen cells, which have been either lyophilized or frozen in liquid nitrogen, are generally screened for viruses and bacteria before they are injected since they do not have to be used immediately (U.S. Congress, 1990). Medra, Inc. refers to this method as Fetal Stem Cell Therapy, and claims that rarely has a single treatment modality offered so muchShow MoreRelatedSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesHumGen: 37 Nuffield Council on Bioethics: 39 The European Union’s: 43 2.22- GENETICAL BEHAVIOR: 44 2.23- ETHICS OF BEHAVIOR HAS A BIOLOGICAL BASIS? 47 Behavioural Ethics And Genetics Study: 48 Implications of Behavioural Genetics Research In Society: 50 How the genes influence behaviour and ethics: 52 2.3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other ImportantRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesfactor for some of the largest and rapid agri-chemical firm mergers in history. The merger of Pioneer Hi-Bed and Dupont (1997), Novartis AG and AstraZeneca PLC (2000), plus Dow s merger with Rohm and Haas (2001) are three prominent examples, Few consumers are aware this has been going on and is ever continuing. Yet if you recently ate soya sauce in a Chinese restaurant, munched popcorn in a movie theatre, or indulged in an occasional candy bar - you ve undoubtedly ingested this new type of food.Read MorePharmaceutical Industry Ethical Practices13569 Words   |  55 Pagestoiling endeavors to provide you a real and complete picture of the situation of Pharmaceutical Marketing. If you have any further queries, please call us on our cell no. 0322-3142893. We would be glad to respond to your queries. Sincerely, All Group Members BBA-V Institute of Business Administration Acknowledgements This research was only possible with the efforts of our entire group. Thanks a lot to the entire team for their all-embracing contributions. We would also like to thank theRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pages including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, MediaRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages....................................................................... 18 Exercises ............................................................................................................................................ 19 CHAPTER 2 Claims, Issues, and Arguments .............................................................................. 23 What is a Statement?......................................................................................................................Read MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 Pageswere reluctant to spend the $280 a day needed to enjoy the attractions of the park, including les hamburgers and les milkshakes. Staying overnight was out of the question for many because hotel rooms were so high priced. For example, prices ranged from $110 to $380 a night at the Newport Bay Club, the largest of EuroDisney’s six new hotels and one of the biggest in Europe. In comparison, a room in a top hotel in Paris cost between $340 and $380 a night. Financial losses became so massive at EuroDisneyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors†™ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. 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We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizationsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced

Barriers to Learning from Disaster Free Essays

Barriers to Learning from Catastrophe The being of insurance policies is cited by some bookman as one of the barriers to larning from catastrophes ( Elliott, et al. , 2000 ) . There is a misconception among the members of the populace that one time you have taken an insurance policy, it will take attention of all your jeopardies. We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Learning from Disaster or any similar topic only for you Order Now In most instances insurance will non cover hurricane harm, inundations among other jeopardies which are black. Persons and concern organisations have ever viewed readiness cost as expensive and besides excessively complicated ( Elliott et al. , 2000 ) . The perceptual experience that catastrophes happen everyplace and that they can non be avoided is another barrier to larning from their happening. This perceptual experience and attitude is unsafe, but it can be overcome through hazard readiness and analysis. Most people have close entree to adequate supplies of nutrient and H2O, this is unsafe because these people are ever comfy and takes small or no precautional steps to forestall a catastrophe from reoccurring ( Elliott et al. , 2000 ) . The construct of personal duty poses another barrier. Peoples are brought up believing that they can ever turn to name aid lopes such as 911 in instance of an exigency. Some state of affairss may happen forestalling the forces in charge of exigency from making in clip. As a consequence, many people fail to larn how to last on their ain without the aid of other individuals ( Lawson, 2013 ) . The inclination of switching incrimination for an inauspicious happening provides another barrier. If an organisation is entirely responsible for a catastrophe due to miss of readiness, it should research the causes and non faulting other persons. If the incrimination is projected elsewhere, such organisations fail to larn from the occurrence of the catastrophe. Where there is a deficiency of trust in an organisation, the informational flow, indispensable for organisational acquisition and crisis direction can be distorted. In the absence of trust, full revelation will besides non be available therefore suppressing honestness. For case, the inclination to fault a pilot in instance of an accident masks all factors that contributed to the accident which might hold been an of import lesson to such a pilot ( Lawson, 2013 ) . When we experience a catastrophe, we tend to research our failures to forestall and expect inauspicious events, likely that have long periods of incubation. In most instances, the premises made and the nucleus beliefs normally have an influence on the usage or development of precautional steps. If we base our precautional steps on false premises, our control systems and all defence mechanisms in topographic point will be a failure, which may non attest itself unless triggered to expose them. These defences make it hard for a state or an single to cover with events when they really occur, given that catastrophe is normally unexpected and pressing. Sometimes fortunes taking to a catastrophe in an organisation can be alone and the available eventuality programs may non hold incorporated schemes on how to cover with them. Poor readyings or programs based false premises can take to projecting incriminations and denial. Until the ruinous event has occurred, so the state can non go on to de ny the chance of the event happening. The denial procedure will suppress our ability to larn after the event ( Boulter et al. , 2013. ) . When a catastrophe occurs, it creates a circumstance which lies outside the usual direction pattern and more frequently it will transcend the authoritiess or managers’ experience and accomplishments. Crisis is a period of uncertainnesss and many activities, and hence there is small clip for larning and contemplation. Governments and directions will seek to hold legitimacy from their citizens and the stakeholders as they deal with the event’s wake. They will most evidently project incrimination to person or elsewhere. This will do the acquisition after the crisis much more hard. Therefore, larning will seldom follow catastrophe. Failure to larn a lesson from the happening of an inauspicious event will present a menace for return of similar events in the hereafter and the authorities or directions will reiterate errors that they had made earlier. It is hence of import for the authoritiess and organisations to non merely learn from their errors but besides from the errors made by other organisations or states ( Katrina, 2008 ) . Effective communicating is highly of import during a catastrophe. Feedback will assist forestall the incident from developing into a ruinous event. This can merely happen if organisations can hold both negative and positive feedbacks. Effective thought is paramount in these state of affairss as it will take to the development of new positions and new significance to catastrophe. In most instances, organisations experience individual looped feedback and therefore individual looped larning. There is a demand for cultural readjustment which must non be an on and off occasions, but should be evaluated on a regular basis both in footings of aims and purposes ( Elliott et al. , 2000 ) . Time can besides impede effectual acquisition from a catastrophe. No paperss may hold been maintained, memories will melt with clip, participants will decease and the juncture becomes blurred as clip base on ballss. It is much more hard to larn from past catastrophes because of the modern engineerings which have taken case in point. Operators of modern equipment may non understand what the engineering can make for them ; therefore supplying fewer chances for acquisition. Our civilization will besides impact the ability to larn from past happenings. The records of a catastrophe will ever be tainted by the civilization of the people bring forthing the record. This makes those reading past events to believe that it would merely go on in that specific background ( Moresco and Peek, 2013 ) . Distance is besides a hinderance to be learned from catastrophes. Hazard directors will ever inquire how an event that took topographic point 1000s of stat mis off and likely in another continent, will supply an penetration. When hazard directors impose their ain civilizations on others, the distant events appear unsuitable uneven, or unimportant. Differences in clime, architecture and geographics will impact the procedure of larning from catastrophes. The jurisprudence will germinate with clip and within a given civilization. When people, look behind at what happened at the clip when there was no jurisprudence, or, under different jurisprudence, they may neglect to understand what lessons are applicable in the present life ( Bonner, 2000 ) . Poverty and deficiency of instruction ; people with small or no instruction be given to be nescient about issues that do non hold immediate reverberations. They tend to take small or no precautional steps to assist forestall a catastrophe from reoccurring. Mentions Bonner, A. , 2000.Interrupting Barriers to Learn From Past Catastrophes.1st erectile dysfunction. Toronto: Allan Bonner Communications Management Inc.. Boulter, S. , Palutikof, J. P. , Karoly, D. J. A ; Guitart, D. , 2013..Natural catastrophes and version to climate alteration.1st erectile dysfunction. Cambridge, : Cambridge University Press. Elliott, et al. , 2000. Organizational behaviour ( Analysis ) .Management-Problem Solving,3 ( 21 ) . Katrina, N. d. a. a. H. , 2008.Harry Ward Richardson ; Peter Gordon ; James Elliott Moore.1st erectile dysfunction. Cheltenham, U.K. ; Northampton, : Ma: Edward Elgar, . Lawson, C. , 2013. Disaster Management A ; Risk Reduction. 13 March. Moresco, J. A ; Peek, L. A. , 2013. The manner forward: get the better ofing barriers to disaster hazard decrease.NATURAL HAZARDS OBSERVER,1 January.37 ( 3 ) . How to cite Barriers to Learning from Disaster, Essay examples

Oliver twist Analysis Essay Example For Students

Oliver twist Analysis Essay As one of the world’s greatest writers, Charles Dickens has written some of the greatest classics such as: Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities, and Oliver Twist. In these works, Dickens often uses past experiences in his life, and develops a character that goes through the same kind of struggles. He also uses much satire as comic relief, much like that of someone who is trying to hide behind a mask of joking. Such is the case with Oliver Twist. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. Oliver Twist, the main character in the novel, while at the orphanage, also experienced a great amount of abuse. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master aimed a blow at Olivers head with the ladle; pinioned him in his arms; and shrieked aloud for the beadle.The whole beginning of Oliver Twists story was created from memories which related to Dickens childhood in a blacking factory. While working in the blacking factory, Dickens suffered tremendous humiliation, which is expressed through Olivers adventures at the orphanage. In chapter one Dickens uses many techniques to show the Unattractive and repulsive truth. He uses techniques such as satire, sarcasm, pathos, humour and sympathy. In chapter one Charles Dickens makes an observation about Oliver being born in a workhouse. Born in a workhouse is in itself the most fortunate and enviable circumstance that can possibly befall a human being. In this quote Dickens is using sarcasm because being born in a workhouse is clearly a disadvantage. This comment is very sarcastic. As Oliver is born he is spoken of being a Burden and having being imposed upon the parish. Another way that Charles Dickens puts across that the children in the workhouses are not cared for properly and that they are seen as being a problem is the way that Oliver is handled as a newborn baby. It is very likely it will be troublesome. Give it a little gruel if it is says the doctor to the nurse. This is a very cold comment. It is as if Oliver is put to one side. One other point is that the nurse is drunk when she is assisting with delivering the baby. Hastily depositing in her pocket a green glass bottle, the contents of which she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction. Being drunk whilst delivering the baby shows how unimportant Oliver is to the nurse. In chapter one Dickens criticizes the medical profession. The medical gentleman walked away to dinner this shows that the doctor can go off to dinner without a care for the starving children. In chapter two Dickens shows corruption. And she had a very accurate perception of what was good for herself. This comment is about the elderly female who looked after the children. The elderly female took a share of the money that was for looking after the children, she was very corrupt. Dickens describes how Oliver would be farmed to another workhouse. This shows the treatment of the children in the workhouses. The word farmed implies they are treated like some kind of farm animal. In chapter two sarcasm is also used to get Dickens point across, Twenty or thirty juvenile offenders against the poor laws rolled about the floor all day, without the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing. This is a very sarcastic comment because there is no such thing as an inconvenience of too much food and clothing to children in workhouses. It cannot be expected that this very system of farming would produce any very extraordinary or luxuriant crop. This statement is an extended metaphor. This metaphor says that children who are brought up in a workhouse will not turn out to be any body special. Dickens believed that if you were born good then you can stay good no matter what your circumstance or environment you are in you are in. But nature or inheritance has implanted a good sturdy spirit in Olivers breast. On the other hand it is the same with evil. If you are born bad you will stay bad. .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .postImageUrl , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:visited , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:active { border:0!important; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:active , .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud4cf90760443420fac2dbd43fffec87a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English Literature - Blood Brothers EssayCharles Dickens makes a contrast when Oliver is going to see the board. All the men on the board are fat and healthy and Oliver is malnourished and unhealthy. Particularly fat gentleman with a round red face. This comment gives an image of a big fat man with enough or too much food in his belly. In chapter 47 Dickens creates a very evil picture of criminals. With face so distorted and pale, and eyes so bloodshot, that he looked less like a man, than like some hideous phantom, moist from the grave. Dickens uses personification in this chapter. Dickens makes a very negative picture of Fagin and Sikes. Dickens makes Sikes seem inhuman and cold blooded by the way he describes Fagin treats Nancy. Another way he does this is when he is describing Fagin. Fangs as should have been a dogs or rats. Dickens associates Fagin and criminals with filthy animals. When Fagin is telling Sikes about Nancy he uses repetition to wind Sikes up even more. Which she did. Also when Sikes is about to go off to find Nancy, Fagin says You wont be too violent, Bill? . This is reverse psychology because Fagin knows that this will make Sikes do the opposite and be very violent. When Sikes is about to kill Nancy there is a great amount of melodrama there. Nancy is associated with God and when she is pleading she builds up a lot of sympathy because she is defenceless against Sikes. Dickens wanted to portray the unattractive and repulsive truth of existence for the dregs of life and the poor. Charles Dickens did this very well and has used many ingenious techniques to do this. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Oliver Twist section.

Tourism In Italy Essays - Transnational Organized Crime, Camorra

Tourism In Italy You would not know it from the English-language signs promising to serve passengers ``quckly'', but Naples' Capodichino airport is British-owned. In August, 70% of it was bought by BAA, a company that also runs, among other things, London's main airport, Heathrow. For the Italian south this is a symbol of hope. Finding an international firm of this calibre willing to invest there has greatly boosted its confidence. BAA, for its part, was attracted by the south's tourist potential, but spent three years thinking hard about the $44m deal. What clinched it in the end was the enthusiasm of Antonio Bassolino, the mayor of Naples since 1993. He won round BAA bosses with his clear commitment to privatisation, and fought off opposition at home to foreign ownership, branded as ``colonisation by the British''. A former communist fundamentalist, Mr Bassolino is an unlikely champion of privatisation. But the BAA deal is no one-off. Mr Bassolino boasts about selling the municipal dairy-``What was a city council doing selling milk?''-and about pioneering, with Merrill Lynch, Italy's first international municipal bond issue, which sold well in America. The cash was used to renovate the city's public transport system. He is promoting public-private partnerships; and he has just persuaded the Chinese commercial fleet to use Naples as its main container port for serving Europe. The city's inefficient bureaucracy has been shaken up, with the mayor leading by example. His distinctly un-Neapolitan punctuality and long working hours have earned him the nickname ``the German''. Using money for hosting the G7 summit in 1994 as a catalyst, the city has cleaned and restored many of its vast number of tourist attractions. It has also extended its opening hours and cleared the main piazzas of parked cars (though not, alas, of moving mopeds). Mr Bassolino talks with passion of re-born civic pride, of the need for Naples to solve its own problems. ``The south has been living on money from the government for too long,'' he says; this has created a ``deadly dependence''. Mr Bassolino explains that he has been able to make these changes only thanks to a new system, introduced in 1993, for the direct election of mayors in cities throughout Italy. This gave him a mandate for four years, allowed him to appoint his own senior officials, and made him directly accountable to the electorate rather than to party politicians on the city council-who cannot now remove him without also triggering new city-council elections. Past mayors, chosen by the ruling party on the council, did well to last a year. Direct election has produced a crop of impressive new city mayors all over the south (and some in the north, too), many of whom have followed Naples' strategy of promoting cultural tourism and tackling inefficient bureaucracy. Their first test will come later this month, when some of them are up for re-election. But there is still plenty of inefficient southern bureaucracy left. Consider, for example, the startling statistic that in 1996 Italy managed to spend only 30% of its entitlement to EU money to help disadvantaged regions such as the mezzogiorno. The country's local and regional governments, it seems, are not even up to collecting hand-outs. The EU increasingly allocates money to specific projects instead of handing it over in a chunk. That means local administrators have to prepare a project submission and translate it for officials in Brussels, for which many of them at present lack the skills. But things may be getting better, slowly. For instance, a ``Europe Office'' with English-speaking staff has been set up in Palermo's city hall. Bassolino's new recipe for Naples Bureaucracy has also made it hard to do anything new. One big firm wanted to sink some wells so it could build a new plant in Sicily. Enzo Bianco, the mayor of Catania, tells the story of how, after two years of waiting, the firm made its fourth phone call to the regional government, only to be told that ``if you call a fifth time, you will never get permission.'' Mr Bianco has made some improvements in his city, including setting up a ``one-stop shop'' to help firms with permits. But much remains to be done, he says: over the years, the impact of bureaucracy on Sicily's development has been ``no less than the impact of the Mafia''. Who is the boss now? The Mafia (along with similar criminal organisations, such as the Camorra in Naples) remains a huge problem for the south. Even in areas where the influence of organised crime has been greatly reduced,

Effects of Deforastration essays

Effects of Deforastration essays The subject of deforestation and the effects that it has on the environment have been heavily debated for a long time; particularly over the last few years. Governments and large lumber companies see large profits in the mass deforestation of forests and state that their actions are having few, ifany, harmful effects on the environment. Most people disagree with this andthink that the environmental effects are devastating and will become irreversibly disastrous in the very near future. Whether or not the pros outweigh the cons will be hotly debated for years to come but the fact is that deforestation is harmful to the environment and leads to declining wildlife populations, drastic changes in climate and loss of soil. The loss of forests means the loss of habitats for many species. Current statistics show that as many as 100 species become extinct every day with alarge portion being attributed to deforestation (Delfgaauw, 1996). "Edge effects" are the destruction or degradation of natural habitat that occur on thefringes of fragmented forests. The effects for the animals include greater exposure to the elements (wind, rain etc...), other non-forest animals and humans (Dunbar, 1993). This unnatural extinction of species endangers the world's foodsupply, threatens many human resources and has profound implications for biological diversity. Another negative environmental impact of deforestation is that it causesclimate changes all over the world. As we learned in elementary school, plantlife is essential to life on earth as it produces much of the oxygen that isrequired for humans and other organisms to breathe. The massive destruction oftrees negatively effects the quantity and quality of the air we breathe whichhas direct repercussions on the quantity and quality of life among both humansand animals alike. With this reduced amount of vital plant life comes the increase of carbon dioxide levels in t ...

Core ideas and Concepts of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Core ideas and Concepts of Leadership - Essay Example In another sense, leadership might be seen as some kind of exertion of power by the leader over his or her followers. Nozick (2010) defines philosophy as an attempt to define components of society in relation to the framework within which people in a given culture or circumstance act and/behave. Leadership is a human and cultural activity and as such, it contains inherent elements of philosophy. Leadership can be viewed and defined according to several standards and facades. Leadership can be viewed as â€Å"a complex social process, rooted in the values, skills, knowledge and ways of thinking of both leaders and followers† (Gallos, 2008). This definition spells out several variables in the definition of the concept of leadership. Leadership can be defined from the angle of the leader. It can also be defined by the relationship between leader and follower. It can also be viewed from the angle of the social processes and actions that are involved in the entire process of leader ship. More importantly, leadership can be defined from the transactional events that give rise to the concept of leadership. In the definition of leadership, a transactional event is seen as â€Å"any relevant activity in which a group or groups of people need to be directed or influenced in a way to attain a stated objective† (Jansen, 2010 p17). ... This is because in the strict sense, transactional events seem to put leaders in a position whereby they see their followers as a means to an end. Keith Grint identifies that there is no single form of leadership (2002). This confirms the fact that transactional leadership cannot be the only form of leadership. He states that there are four main types of leadership. The broad classifications include, personality, process, authority and situational contexts. Although transactional events are important in these four phenomena, they are not the only forms of leadership that exists. Transactional Events and Leadership In the wider sense, Bass defines transactional leadership as a â€Å"model for the analyses of types of leadership based on theories that focus on the interactions between leaders and followers† (1997). In other words, transactional-event model of examining leadership involves viewing leadership from an angle whereby a formal relationship exists between two parties i n which one is to act as a leader and other is to act as subordinate (Stevenson, 2004). Bass goes on to state that transactional events occur where there is a shared network and within the shared network, one person has the power to exert influence over others (1997). This implies that transactional leadership flourishes in a situation or context where there are authority structures and systems. Transactional-Event, Leadership and Authority Weber identifies three main sources of authority which puts a person in a leadership position in a transactional event (Walonick, 1993). Stated differently, leadership positions in transactional events or transactional leadership

Term Paper2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Term Paper2 - Essay Example There will be performance at Penn State Downtown Theatre centre Jan 4, Monday 2013. Tickets will be on sale at 6.00pm, Monday, Jan 4, in Bryce Jordan centre. Andrew York, the Granny winning classical guitarist will thrill classical movie lovers. The venue will be at Playhouse theatre Jan 28, Friday. Tickets will be on sale at 4.00pm, Friday, Jan 28, in Pennsylvania centre stage. Actors from Nommo performing arts company who specialize in Shakespeare’s plays, will perform ‘Romeo and Juliet’, due to public demand, at 9.00pm, Friday and Saturday, Feb, 13 and 14 in Penn State’s Schwad auditorium. Tickets will be on sale at 8.00am, Friday, Feb 13, in Penn State’s auditorium. As she is in her worldwide tour thrilling fans, she will perform at 8.00pm, Friday, March 10 at Eisenhower auditorium. Tickets will be on sale at 10.ooam, Thursday, March 9 and 10, at Eisenhower auditorium. There will be an amazing performance by the award winning Russian American kids’ circus at 5.00pm, Thursday, March 17, at Penn State Downtown theatre centre. Tickets will be on sale at 9.00am, Thursday, March 17, at Pennsylvania arts ticket centre. Orchestra lovers will be thrilled by the talented Shanghai Chinese Orchestra at 9.00pm, Friday, April 20 at Eisenhower auditorium. Tickets will be on sale at 10.00am, Thursday and Friday, April 19 and 29, at Eisenhower auditorium. Fans will be thrilled by this group’s technical prowess, versatility and expansion vision at 7.00pm, Thursday, May 3 at Bryce Jordan centre on campus ground. Tickets will be on sale at 8.00am, Thursday, May 3, at Arts ticket centre. There will be a performance by students of Penn state’s college of arts, and architecture centre for performing arts, at 7:30 p.m. Friday May 20, and 2 p.m. Saturday May 21. Tickets will be available at10.00am in Penn state’s college. Paintings of the entire undergraduate students in Penn State’s school of drawing and visual arts painting program

Learning Experience for Personal Trainer Certification Essay - 4

Learning Experience for Personal Trainer Certification - Essay Example etyl Glucosamine, N-Acetyl, L-Cysteine, Phosphatidyl, Choline Phosphatidyl Serine, Piperine, Policosanol, Resveratrol, RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), Rutin, SAMe, TMG (Trimethyl Glycine) Immunity Stimulating Blend: Aloe Vera, Polysaccharides, Beta 1,3-Glucan,Tea Polysaccharides, Herbal Extracts: Alfalfa Extract, Bacopa Extract, Bilberry Extract, Black Cumin Extract, Ginger Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Extract, Grape Seed Extract, Green Tea Extract, Myrrh Extract, Olive Leaf Extract, Pine Bark Extract, Silymarin (Milk Thistle) Extract, Turmeric Extract. Vitamins: Vitamin A (Palmitate/Beta Carotene), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide),Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCL), Vitamin B12, Biotin, Folic Acid, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid/Activated C), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (d-a-tocopheryl Acetate), Vitamin K (Phytonadione). Macro and Micro Minerals: Calcium (Gluconate & Amino Acid Chelate), Chromium (Chloride), Copper (Sulfate), Magnesium (Aspertate), Manganese (Chloride), Potassium (Citrate), Selenium (Sodium Selenate), Silica (Horsetail (Equisetum Arvense) Extract), Zinc (Gluconate). While Xtend-life has several versions of its product to cater the different segments of market, second brand has positioned them for all-in-one as they claim to have all possible ingredient in their

Natural And Eco Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay

Natural And Eco Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay Tourism is a fast-growing industry, but with the credit crunch in 2008, figures have dropped as people have less money to spend as a tourist all over the world. Many countries rely on tourism sector greatly as the income generated by this sector is easily planned to be invested in other sectors of the country like education, sports, defence and health. Economic recession has led to increase in oil prices. These fluctuating oil prices result in the airline industry imposing further fuel surcharges to cover higher costs, which have to be met by the consumer through increased air ticket prices. This has put the consumer off travelling during the expensive periods. Unfortunately, the tourism sector these days is experiencing not only economical disasters but other emerging issues as well. In order to look at the whole scenario of travel and tourism industry in terms of latest alarming situations (decreased access to natural resources for the local communities and environmental degradation) lets take Dubai as a destination. In this context, we will particularly look at the destination not economically but ecologically and naturally specifically.http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ5CEJ5GGFrNM6u6mXLPX17O856OyMIPO_xUPmcR5o89jjkxOXh Infrastructure of Dubai The Dubai government Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM) is the main organisation for the promotion and development of tourism in the emirate. The department has taken over the licensing of hotels, hotel apartments, tour operators, tourist transport companies and travel agents. It has a supervisory role covering all tourists, archaeological and heritage sites, tourism conferences and exhibitions, the operation of tourism information services and the licensing and organisation of tour guides. The government provides on-going development to the infrastructure, and the recent opening of the port Rashid cruise line terminal is just one of a series of innovation aimed at widening the total tourism product base within Dubai. It is hoped that this terminal will do for cruising what the opening of Dubai Duty Free did for air traffic arrivals. The government has a direct stake in the tourism sector through the development and ownership of a number of the major hotels as well a s spectacular theme parks such as Wild Wadi. This investment is not just a matter of expenditure: it is clearly demonstrating that quality must be paramount. http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQQeds-zs-P2La2ChQp9qvZfpxcvmC8cse3NVJcGeUGbl_Vhtsb The DTCM had set an aggressive target of attracting 15 million tourists by the year 2010, which they have achieved. Projections for the immediate future are summarised in the following figure. Targets for Dubais tourism future Year Dubai hotel guests (Millions) Dubai hotel beds (Thousands) 2003 5.24 39.8 2004 6.08 48.2 2005 7.06 55.9 2006 8.19 64.8 2007 9.49 75.2 2008 11.01 87.2 2009 12.78 101.2 2010 15.00 117.3 2011 18.24 122.7 Such targets are not over-ambitious for DTCM. Expatriates and foreign visitors can enjoy a relaxed and pleasant life style in Dubai. There is virtually no crime, apartments and villas are modern and spacious, and the climate greatly appeals to those who enjoy warm weather. There are many clubs and societies in Dubai. Freedom of worship is allowed for all religions. Foreign newspapers, magazines, films and videos are all available. Alcohol may be consumed in hotels and in licensed club premises. Women can drive and move about unaccompanied. In 2002, free hold ownership for UAE nationals as well as expatriates in certain select property developments was introduced in Dubai and 25 years mortgage loans become available. Initially focus was centred on the Palm, Dubai Marina, and other developments of Emmar properties but after the completion of these projects new man made wonders are forthcoming. The potential for visiting friends and relatives will thus be substantially increased. The Palm had already been described as the 8th wonder of the world and was the sort of project that some say could only have taken place in Dubai. It consists of two massive, artificial islands: the Palm Jumeirah and the Palm Jebal Ali. Each island is being built in the shape of a palm tree consisting of a crown of 17 fronds, a trunk and a surrounding crescent island, the back of which forms a protective break water. Each island is approximately six kilometres long and 5.5 kilometres. Together they will add nearly 120 kilometres of much sought-after coast line to Dubai. Approximately 3000 homes and at least 40 luxury hotels have been built on each island, capable of birthing a total of 400 yachts. The Palm is just one of several Nakheel residential projects: others include the World, Jumeirah Islands, Jumeirah Lake Towers and the Gardens. Dubai will continue to improve the destinations infrastructure, and the following are just some of the developments that are either already planned or completed or in actual construction or development to support visitor growth targets: Hydro polis- the worlds first under water hotel Dubai airport expansion to handle 70 million passengers by 2016 Dubai Festival City-4 kilometre site along the Creek Dubai land the regions biggest tourism project aiming for 200,000 visitors a day- to include five themed leisure areas and the Mall of Arabia, the Worlds biggest mall Extending Dubai Railway project Burj Dubai the worlds tallest tower The emirate contained a mix of natural and cultural attractions that formed the basis of a very marketable leisure tourism product. The existing natural attractions included: Miles of clean un-crowded beaches along the shores of Arabian Gulf http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ00bEjqDhgeTP_RaZMGxiHhDFPdfphroNR6kutwq75Ed-yFtcFFA A subtropical climate with average temperatures of 18 C in January 33 C in July and annual precipitation of less than 150mm,contributing to a yearlong tourist season The availability of water sports of all year around in the gulf Desert dunes for a variety of outdoor activities and leisure pursuits The Hatta Mountains for Wadi-bashing and other adventurous pursuits The Al Maha environmental conservation reserve, the base for the re-introduction of the Arabian Oryx. Dubai is a migratory crossroads in both spring and autumn for many bird species. The Khor Dubai Wildlife sanctuary is home to one thousand Greater Flamingos. Dubai also had a strong cultural heritage to exploit for tourism purposes. Important elements of this cultural attractiveness to western visitors include: The exotic middle eastern atmosphere associated with the hustle and bustle of the Souks and dhow Wharves along Dubai Creeks The distinctly Middle Eastern architecture of the wind towers , Mosques and palaces The traditional welcoming and hospitable culture of the Arab world Mass and sustainable tourism Mass tourism is the result of advancing in the means of technology especially air, rail and road. The comfortable aircrafts with essential in flight services and many more to offer the passengers have made travelling fun and simple. Since having the foreigners in a country for pleasure or holidays in great numbers have left many negative impacts in the past therefore the need of the sustainability was felt. In past, mass tourism has threatened the destinations with cultural, environmental, social, religious and economical impacts therefore; the urge to develop the tourism sector became necessary for tourist boards and governing bodies. This led to sustainable tourism. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQvy1JvgM6QidDTw6dR41a7XNKXd04pE2Z2VQ3VAkZ8_sfiHRJB Sustainable tourist activity, on the contrary, encompasses being sensitive to the cultural, religious and environmental and social aspects of a particular destination, aiding the environment and fostering the local economic growth through travel and tourism activities. Sustainable tourism surrounds the ideals of protecting and not disturbing the natural resources and maintaining the good relationship with the host population. Going back to the example of Dubai as a destination, in past due to the weather, gold, tax free country, and Dubai airport facilities and duty free, safaris, luxurious accommodation etc., the destination has confronted with the mass tourism. Traffic, noise pollution, litter pollution, fights with the local community and crimes made the authorities alert and minimize the negative effects of the tourism despite of its economical advantages. DTCM the tourist board of strategic planning in the country thus, implemented the plan to restrict the infinite number of tourists. The figure above states that clearly which can only be undergone by a destination that follows sustainable tourism policy. Looking at the marvellous, unique projects of Burj ul Arab, Safari, water sports, Dubai Mall etc. the evidences that a destination may have to support Sustainable tourism. It is obvious that Dubais main industry is not Oil but tourism. Even many forthcoming events and projects will keep attracting the tourists from all around the world. Sustainable tourism means to meet the present demands of the tourists without risking the future of the destination which is very apparent in DTCMs planning. All the resources of the country are well planned and utilized to serve the tourism sector. Eco, Natural, Cultural tourism are the elements that unveils the well management and strategic scenario of the destination. Acceptance of a Cosmo-Politian lifestyle Although these natural and cultural assets have clearly contributed to Dubai s success as a destination, it is very important to emphasise that they have been greatly enhanced by ambitious investments in the tourism infrastructure on the part of both public and private sectors. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFfNT_QL9Deu-0yevTkJPQfRCJn0NWYDPdwesha_pGXYawgJOc Destination Dubai United Arab Emirate (UAE) comprises seven members: Abu Dhabi, the capital city, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaima and Fujairah. Dubai, with an area of 3885 square kilometres, is a second largest emirate. It is situated on the banks of the Dubai creek, a natural inlet from the Arabian Gulf, which divides the city into Deira District to its north and Bur Dubai to its South, the city ranks as the UAEs most important port and commercial centre. Along the Arabian Gulf coast there are off shore islands, coral reefs and Sabkha (salt marshes). Stretches of gravel plane and sandy dessert characterise the inland region. To the east, a range of mountains lie close to the Gulf of Oman and forms a back bone through the Mussandam peninsula. The western interior of the country, most of it in Abu Dhabi, consists mainly of desert interspersed with oases.http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSjkF0Jjz6PAvFd4pMa2m1dYkScE5EREigE2N3ZhEvVd4lKQ87t The emirate embraces a wide variety of scenery in a small area. In a single day, the tourists can experience everything from rugged mountains and owe inspiring sand dunes to sandy beaches and lush green parks from dusty village to luxurious residential districts and from ancient houses with wind towers to ultra modern shopping malls. Tourism in Dubai The impressive development, climate, hospitality and world class airport has attracted many tourists around the world to the detention of Dubai. In 1985, the introduction of award winning air line Emirates was established to smooth the transaction of tourists in and out. In 1989, Dubai recorded only 630 thousand visitor arrivals, but number increased drastically to over 8 millions, in 2003, with at least 458 thousand coming from the UK. Dubai has managed to increase its number of visitors by over 1200% in little more than a decade and tourism is now, at 12% of the gross domestic product (GDP), one of the emirates more important and fastest growing sectors of the economy. Dubai significance as a global destination stems from the fact that it can be viewed from two main perspectives. It is not just a simple holiday destination; it is an important commercial, trading and business centre as well. Therefore visitors to Dubai provide examples of the three categories into which tourists are usually divided. They are identified as:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTRbbNqdZ3UbOTAo7IJsw-_Yo4gEPDaxDyBae93cGYOWL2Iu_Pd Leisure visitors 44% Business visitors 45% Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) 8% Not classified 3% Previously viewed in tourism terms as little more than a duty free stop over, Dubai today has become a highly acclaimed destination offering an outstanding range of facilities and services for both leisure and business travellers. Its geographical location is 55 degree East, 25 degree North on the Southern shore of Arabian Gulf. It is strategically located at the cross roads of three continents Europe, Asia, Africa- a natural meeting place. Dubai is now a major aviation hub for the Emirates airline and so attracts visitors wanting a stopover. Natural and eco tourism Emirates airlineWelcome from our Chairman Emirates airline chairman promoting greenery The first Eco flight (see appendix 1) from Dubai to San Francisco known as green flight took off on 18th Jan 2009 indicates the vigilance of the government in terms of its environment. Such an initiative was worked out between EK airline and Airbus Company to promote safe and pure environment. This indicates that the award winning airline is environmental conscious and promotes it product (flying with the carriage) but not on the risk of spreading pollution. It is the best example of eco and natural tourism as EK airline does not want to take any step which can damage the surroundings of the people or harmful natural life animals and plants survive in. Al Maha desert resort It is generally accepted amongst most nations that approximately 8 to 10% of their land area should be put aside for the conservation of their indigenous habitats, the function of such a policy is to insure that the nations historic environment is permanently retained as part of its heritage that the diversity of fauna and flora within the nation is kept intact as a representative sample of the original habitat. It is intended that such conserved areas can function without disturbance or undue intervention from human elements.http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQcuBM8v_futKEADdvnA8aCImMtCHCk1C6To_1EjsGC71Pii7wBhg Al Maha is the first eco tourism resort in UAE. Dubai has several environments worthy of conservation within such a frame work. Apart from the dune environment there is also the mountain habitat around Hatta and coasts intertidal strip. Each of these represents a separate, distinct and unique habitat type within Dubai. Each has its own fauna and flora, its own appeal to the visitor and its distinct historic, geological and archaeological merits. Al Maha has been developed with key eco tourism principles under pinning its commercial success. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQjmQD_KzmpEHJbxRIxlembZmQGjNJ5QKOT5jAs5s4HCy6D4aZkRg The environment is supposed to be free of intrusive disturbances with surroundings; this includes the restriction of all artificial noise from the operation and ambient noise from the resorts surroundings. The restriction of any human structures which impinge on the natural land space confines the development of the resorts own infrastructure to a minimum land area. The land making up the resort must provide a natural, original and unique environment for the guests, where they feel a part of the conservation process; this allows the guests to feel that their support is directly contributing to the conservation of the area they are experiencing. One of the major contributors to the success of eco tourism resorts worldwide is the fact that the guest enjoys exclusivity. The rate charge is function of the exclusivity enjoyed and paid for by the guest. The undisturbed settings, the personal attention and service standards not achievable in the large public facilities are the basis of high yield eco tourism products. The guest must be assured of privacy, discretion and an unobtrusive environment. The experience must also be meaningful to the visitor, providing aspects which are educational, comfortable and divergent from normal life style-thus assuring the guest the time spent in the resort is an enchantment to his or her quality of life. The resort must meet the perceptions and expectations of the guests with regard to: Accommodation Facilities Architecture and design Surroundings To meet these criteria, Al Maha has adopted traditional historic aspects, with operational requirements, to meet the guest perception and expectation of the desert and Arabian heritage. A portion of land surrounding the core area of the resort has been demarcated for protection, and all activities capable of devaluing the environment are restricted. Isolation has been reinforced by means of the introduction of animals proof fencing, which will allow the establishment of indigenous species in viable breeding numbers within free roaming settings. The program has been very successful and guests are now issued with their own fauna and flora checklist guide to record the various species that they have seen. The variety of elements used provides a suitable illustration of how far the desert resort has now developed in terms of conservation: Grass (Herb, Dune, Basket and Cats Tail) Shrub ( Broom Bush, Dye Plant and Milkwort) Herb ( Callous, Palm Lettuce and Arabian Cotton) Plant (Crimson Wort, Spiny Disk and Dwarf Pea Plant) Tree (Salam, Ghaf and Sidr) Mammal (Sand Gazelle, Arabian Hare and Gird) Reptile (Monitor Lizard, Sand Skink and Sand Snake) Birds (Common and may be resident or migrant-300 species recorded) Impacts of natural and eco tourism in Dubai Unprotected environment of any country in any regard can disturb the economy drastically. The disastrous situation where the government invests most of its resources in tourism sector rather than sports, education, health and other sectors, can lead the destination sudden collapse that causes destruction to the economy as a whole. Ignoring the eco and natural issues in destination planning and promotion will cause the following pitfalls: http://static.amefiles.com/images/news/large/5/77505-Al_Maha_Desert_Resort_Spa.jpg All the tourists will misuse the resources of the destination and there will be nothing left to offer for next group of tourists next season. For example, beaches of Dubai or safari. It is important that the authorities are well managing such sites so that they are presentable to be offered to other tourists for amusements and relaxations. The entire infrastructure used to access natural sites like deserts, wild wadi, zoo, Al Maha Desert need to be watched by authorities all times. The expensive bridges, motor ways, services need a lot of investment to be built so their utility should be long lived and must be equally used by locals and tourists safely. Natural life of Dubai is consisting of desert and likely animals. Their protection is momentous so that they are not endangered or extinct. Hunting such species should not be appreciated at all and in fact some fine must be imposed upon to undergo this pleasure. Tourists might need this notification. The increasing demand and forecast of tourism is a major threat for the land and other resources (like in Egypt the residents were asked to move their ancestors house because the government wants to build a five star hotel to accommodate Tourists in Luxor) in the country. It is due to the planning in future which may lead to lay more buildings to accommodate the tourists by making hotels, services, park or other type of attractions. The demolishing 0f the deserts will affect the habitat of many species and their existence will be affected. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTxax9lvclTZKx5F0YuGvdM-iVZVqT9I94uDlkUKcpL5Jziqhwl-A Pollution no matter air, dust, litter or noise by tourists will also demonstrate the inability of DTCM (local tourism board) to prevent the destination from negative effects of touristic activities. Especially beaches and deserts if polluted by the tourists will result in developing hatred in host population and conflicts will take place. Welcoming host population is the biggest element to like a destination. Any naturally or ecologically disruption in the surroundings of the local community will force the government to put a stop to the transition of tourists. This can be done very easily but the damages that have been made to the destination can never be repaired so quickly. The greater developments in Dubai to promote Tourism is of course utilising the natural resources like mountainous area, land, desert, beaches etc. This never stop development might not leave enough attractions for coming generation to be proud of. The natural treasure of wild life or other animals will become the history. Establishing tourism sector on the risk of losing the real identity of the country should not be the approach of the strategic planners. Sustainability tourism is the answer of all such issues. Ecotourism became popular in the 1980s as a form of tourism that focused exclusively on wildlife, nature or exotic cultures. Some research indicates that such tourism may not in fact benefit these communitiesas it might lead to them becoming dependent on the tourist economy, without developing skills that would allow them flexibility in the economy and be more of a long term guarantee./ Recommendation Tourism sector of Dubai has a lot to offer. Millions of tourists have visited the destination and many more are planning to visit this luxurious, advance, modern destination to enjoy the safari, Wild Wadi and marine life etc. http://www.mydigitallife.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/dynamic-architecture-dubai.jpg Due to the Political turmoil in certain parts of the Middle East, is likely to benefit Dubais tourism industry and economy. To the extent that Dubai is viewed as an alternative destination to countries such as Lebanon, Tunisia and Egypt, it is likely to benefit as some visitors change their travel plans in favor of the emirate. The collapse of the Hariri government in Lebanon has plunged the country into what is likely to be a prolonged period of political uncertainty in which the threat of violence is ever-present. Events in Tunisia and Egypt have generated a great deal of negative publicity for the tourism sectors in those countries, and will likely impact bookings and arrivals this year. Regardless of whether these concerns are justified, the likelihood is that some of the most important tourism destinations in the Middle East are likely to see a fall in visitors in 2011. Conclusion From the outgoing account I want to sum up that that Tourism is now the fastest growing sector of Dubais economy, contributing about 19% to the Dubais GPD in 2005, and 20% as of late 2007. This is made possible by ever increasing numbers of tourists. About 3.6 million tourists visited Dubai in 2001 and more than six million came in 2005. As of 2007, Dubais hotels received about 6.5 million visitors that contributed us$3.5 billion to the local economy. Dubai is one of the few international destinations to see an increase in visitors over the last year, successfully retaining its position as a world-class tourism and trade hub as Despite the economic climate, visitors to Dubai reached an all-time high of 11,996,449 in 2010 and even though the pace of growth has slowed.   Having developed a highly desirable and increasingly diversified premium tourism product, Dubai continues to meet the needs of an ever-expanding audience. With so much to offer both leisure, eco, sustainable, natural, and cultural and business visitors, from groundbreaking attractions to world-class hospitality, it is little wonder that Dubai is experiencing such significant growth. Dubai attracts more visitors each year than any Arab country outside of Egypt and hosts a major shopping festival in the first quarter that traditionally attracts hordes of regional retail visitors.http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSv4NvD-_IwJuoy-AWEL8N5MtjqSOVS1uxzttsqWaNuKEskRWTYZA In this regard, the dense growth of this sector has never let the strategic planners ignore the environment, local populations right, natural sightseeing, cultural values and belief etc. The fast emergence of Dubai on the world tourism map and its spectacular performance is undoubtedly the result of aggressive global marketing and promotional agenda being pursued by the  Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing  (DTCM). The department, in co-operation and co-ordination with public and private sector organizations, has been successfully developing the appeal of the destination that offers tourists the opportunity to explore traditional Arabian hospitality along with a contemporary lifestyle. All the attractions are well planned and maintain the ecology and natural resources of Dubai for future tourism and its host population. Continuing its aggressive marketing and promotional drive in 2010,  DTCM  has high lighted the strengths and attractions of the emirates vibrant tourism industry in 36 overseas travel exhibitions and hosting exclusive road shows and workshops in 10 countries. Dubais tourism product offering has considerably expanded last year and more changes are expected this year. Last year, the global tourism industry too underwent rapid changes due to the global economic downturn, requiring fast-rising destinations like Dubai to adopt strategies to remain at the cutting-edge of the highly-competitive business. In short, Dubais position as the leading tourism destination and commercial hub in the world is very prominent and DTCMs mission is to strengthen the Dubai economy through the development of sustainable tourism. Appendix 1 Emirates operates worlds longest eco-flight Sunday 18 January 2009 8:38 AM The  Dubai-based airline Emirates has claimed that the first service to operate on its new route from Dubai to San Francisco was the first ever cross-polar green flight and the worlds longest eco-friendly journey. On December 15th, the airline began operations on the 16-hour, non-stop service that uses a Boeing 777-200 long-range aircraft in what the company has called the Em-vironment flight. To plot the most efficient course for the flight, Emirates has worked with government agencies in Dubai, Russia, the US and Canada. Other measures that the airline will also employ to maximize the eco-friendly potential of the new route include the use of electrical power while the aircraft is on the ground in Dubai, the minimal use of thrust when landing, and single-engine taxiing to its destination gate at San Francisco airport. Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Maktoum, Emirates chairman and chief executive, said:  After months of planning, Emirates Em-vironment flight is a best-practice trial of how airlines, governments, manufacturers, technology providers and airports can work together to be as eco-efficient as possible. The San Francisco inaugural flight will be a dual milestone of commencing services between two great cities and also demonstrating the best our industry can offer in environmental efficiency. Emirates claims that, with some 58 Airbus A380s, A350-XWB and Boeing 777 planes on order (more than any other airline), it will have the worlds greenest fleet of wide-bodied aircraft Appendix 2 http://www.africa-ata.org/images/aba/uar_spdj-1222.jpg Appendix 3 The Emirates Groups vision is to be an environmental leader in the aviation and travel industries.   Our goal is to make sustainability and eco-efficiency the cornerstones of all group operations, in the air and on the ground. Aviation is one of the worlds most important contributors to economic and social development particularly in the developing world. The aviation industry employs over 32 million people worldwide and represents 35% of world trade by value it contributes US$1.1 trillion per annum to world GDP. The aviation industry recognises that, although it is only responsible for less than 2%, of global greenhouse gas emissions from human activity, it must be committed to growing sustainably and reducing growth of its emissions.   To put this in perspective, shipping accounts for some 4% of human emissions, while ground transport accounts for almost 14% (IPCC, 2004).   At current growth rates, aviation is expected to account for only 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.   Read more about this at  www.flyingmatters.org. Emirates is committed to a global solution for managing the growth in international aviation emissions, through ICAO the International Civil Aviation Organisation as mandated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.   Our customers, staff and regulators are increasingly conscious about the environment and greenhouse gas emissions.   Emirates has committed to environmentally-responsible operations through the Groups Corporate Environmental Policy (click here to view).   This policy is implemented internally through the Emvironment programme which is communicated internally and externally to staff, customers and all stakeholders. Our focus is becoming an ecologically-efficient organisation growing our business to be economically sustainable, while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution.   If we achieve these aims, it benefits our customers, the environment and our business the triple bottom line. The Emirates Groups commitment to eco-efficiency means multi-billion dollar investments in the most modern, eco-efficient technology available- in aircraft, engines and ground equipment we strive to be leaders in eco-efficiency in our industry and in our region. We are committed to operating our assets in the most environmentally responsible manner, and in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations and standards. Emirates firmly support our industrys four-pillar strategy to reduce emissions, as developed by our industry body the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Read more about this strategy at  www.enviro.aero. Implementation of this strategy includes the use of new technology throughout our Group; making significant investments in the most modern, low-noise, low emissions aircraft available; encouraging governments to make air navigation more fuel and emission friendly; and reducing the environmental impact of our ground operations. We are committed to further reductions in fuel consumption and emissions per passenger our fuel efficiency rates are already 30% lower than the global fleet average. Other goals include staff education, waste reduction and recycling, lower energy use and greater communication internally and externally. Our Emvironment Champions

High School Literature :: essays papers

High School Literature The story â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer could be looked at as a work of literature from certain views, but in the opinion of Prose, the author of â€Å" I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read,† I do not believe that this story would be looked at as a work of literature. This story does not seem very â€Å"uplifting† as Prose would want it to be for a high school reader. Although it is a very interesting story and it holds many important messages about our society and culture, it does not hold up to Prose’s standards as a work of literature. Prose believes that we â€Å"have rushed to sacrifice complexity for diversity.† (Prose, 76) This is exactly why I do not think that Prose would choose this story as a something she would want students to read. â€Å"The reader is being squandered on regimens of trash and semi-trash, taught for reasons that have nothing to do with how well the book is written.† (Prose, 76) Prose often talks about how stories that are chosen for our society’s high school curriculum are not complicated enough. The stories read by students are easy to read, and demand very little thought from the reader. Prose uses words such as transformative, complex, powerful, and profound for the books she believes should be used. These words do not describe the story â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer. Although there are many accurate similes and decently used language in the story â€Å"Brownies,† the overall point of the story seems very simple for a high school student to pick up on. I do not think it would engender a feeling of deep thought for students, as Prose would want. The story â€Å"Brownies† seems like it would be easy to analyze. It seems like more of the type of story that would evoke more of a response, which in my opinion would not be greatly valued by Prose. She seems like she would be more interested in having a high school student have to work to analyze a story, than respond about how they felt about a certain piece of writing. Racism is a strong message in the story â€Å"Brownies.† There are two troops of brownies camping in the same area. One of the troops is black girls, and the other is all white girls.